Detailed Steps of Keil5RTOS Development

# 2.1 Understanding RTOS Concepts and Features

### 2.1.1 Definition and Classification of RTOS

**Definition:**
A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is an operating system designed specifically for real-time embedded systems. It provides a predictable and reliable execution environment, ensuring that the system can respond to external events within strict time constraints.

**Classification:**
Depending on the scheduling algorithm, RTOS can be divided into:

- **Preemptive RTOS:** The priority of tasks determines their execution order, allowing high-priority tasks to preempt the execution of lower-priority tasks.
- **Non-preemptive RTOS:** The execution order of tasks is determined by their creation order, and low-priority tasks cannot be preempted by higher-priority tasks.

# 2. Fundamental Theories of RTOS

### 2.1 Concepts and Features of RTOS

#### 2.1.1 Definition and Classification of RTOS

**Definition:**

A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is an operating system designed for embedded systems, capable of managing and scheduling tasks predictably and providing synchronization and communication mechanisms.

**Classification:**

RTOS can be classified into several types based on its scheduling algorithms and functional characteristics:

- **Preemptive RTOS:** Allows higher-priority tasks to preempt lower-priority ones, ensuring real-time performance.
- **Non-preemptive RTOS:** Tasks cannot be preempted and can only execute the next task after completing the current one.
- **Microkernel RTOS:** Provides basic operating system services such as task scheduling and synchronization, with other functions implemented through loading modules.
- **Monolithic RTOS:** Offers a rich set of operating system services, including file systems and network protocol stacks.

#### 2.1.2 Features and Advantages of RTOS

**Features:**

- **Real-time Performance:** RTOS can manage and schedule tasks predictably, ensuring tasks are completed within specified time frames.
- **Concurrency:** RTOS allows multiple tasks to run simultaneously, enhancing system efficiency.
- **Determinism:** The scheduling algorithms and synchronization mechanisms of RTOS guarantee the determinism of task execution, avoiding unpredictable behavior.

**Advantages:**

- **Improved System Performance:** RTOS enhances system performance and response speed through concurrent and deterministic scheduling algorithms.
- **Simplified System Design:** RTOS provides task management, synchronization, and communication mechanisms, simplifying the design and development of embedded systems.
- **Increased System Reliability:** The deterministic scheduling and synchronization mechanisms of RTOS improve system reliability and reduce the occurrence of system failures.

### 2.2 Tasks and Scheduling in RTOS

#### 2.2.1 Concepts and Creation of Tasks

**Concept:**

A task is the basic unit of execution in RTOS, representing an independent execution thread. Tasks can be created, deleted, suspended, and resumed.

**Creation:**

Creating a task in RTOS typically involves the following steps:

- Define the task's entry function and parameters.
- Allocate stack space for the task.
- Create the task object and add it to the task