STM32 Firmware Development Power Tool: Keil5 Practical Guide

# STM32 Firmware Development Tool: Keil5 Practical Guide

## 1. STM32 Firmware Development Basics

The STM32 microcontroller is a 32-bit microcontroller based on the ARM Cortex-M core, widely used in embedded system development. STM32 firmware development involves knowledge of hardware architecture, development environment, and programming languages. This section will introduce the basic knowledge of STM32 firmware development, laying the foundation for subsequent chapters.

## 2. Keil5 Development Environment

### 2.1 Introduction and Installation of Keil5

Keil5 is an integrated development environment (IDE) released by ARM, mainly for STM32 microcontroller firmware development. It offers code editing, compiling, debugging, and simulation functions, greatly simplifying the STM32 development process.

**Installation Steps:**

1. Download the Keil5 installation package from the ARM official website.
2. Run the installer, select the installation path, and follow the prompts to complete the installation.
3. After installation, launch Keil5, register, and activate the software.

### 2.2 Keil5 Interface and Features

The Keil5 interface mainly consists of the following areas:

- **Menu Bar:** Includes common functions such as File, Edit, Debug, etc.
- **Toolbar:** Provides buttons for quick access to common operations.
- **Project Explorer:** Displays the files and folders in the current project.
- **Editor:** Used for writing and editing code.
- **Output Window:** Shows information during the compilation, debugging, and simulation processes.
- **Debugger:** Used for debugging and simulating programs.

### 2.3 Project Creation and Management

**Creating a Project:**

1. Click "File" -> "New" -> "uVision Project" from the menu bar.
2. In the "New Project" dialog box, select the target device type and project name.
3. Click the "OK" button to create the project.

**Managing a Project:**

- **Adding Files:** Right-click on the "Sources" folder in the Project Explorer and select "Add Existing Files to Group."
- **Removing Files:** Right-click on the file you want to remove and select "Remove File from Group."
- **Compiling a Project:** Click the "Build" button on the toolbar or press F7 to compile the project.
- **Debugging a Project:** Click the "Debug" button on the toolbar or press F11 to debug the project.

## 3. STM32 Hardware Architecture

### 3.1 Introduction to STM32 Series

STM32 is a series of 32-bit microcontrollers (MCUs) produced by STMicroelectronics. Based on the ARM Cortex-M core, it features high performance, low power consumption, and a wealth of peripherals. STM32 is widely used in industrial control, automotive electronics, medical devices, and consumer electronics.

The STM32 series includes multiple product lines, each designed for different application requirements. The main product lines are:

- **STM32F Series:** General-purpose MCUs with high performance and a wealth of features.
- **STM32L Series:** Low-power MCUs suitable for battery-powered devices.
- **STM32G Series:** Graphic MCUs with integrated graphics accelerators, suitable for human-machine interface applications.
- **STM32H Series:** High-performance MCUs for demanding applications such as industrial control and automotive electronics.

### 3.2 STM32 Internal Structure and Peripherals

The STM32 internal structure mainly includes:

- **Core:** ARM Cortex-M core, responsible for executing instructions.
- **Memory:** Including flash (for storing programs and data), SRAM (for storing temporary data), and EEPROM (for storing non-volatile data).
- **Peripherals:** Including GPIO, timers, serial ports, ADC, DAC, etc., used for interacting with external devices.

STM32 peripherals are very rich and can meet various application requirements. The main peripherals include:

- **GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output):** Used for controlling external devices, such as LEDs, buttons, and sensors.
- **Timers:** Used for generating precise clock signals, implementing timing and counting functions.
- **Serial Ports:** Used for serial communication with other devices.
- **ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter):** Used for converting analog signals to digital signals.
- **DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter):** Used for converting digital signals to analog signals.

### 3.3 STM32 Clock and Power Management

The STM32 clock system consists of multiple clock sources, including internal clock (HSI), external clock (HSE), and PLL (Phase-Locked Loop). The clock system can be configured to use different clock sources to meet various application requirements.

STM32's power management system includes multiple power domains, each of which can be independently powered. The power management system can be configured to enter different low-power modes to reduce power consumption.

**Code Example:**

The following code example shows how to co