[Advanced] MATLAB 3D Plotting, Adjustments, and Annotation

# 1. Fundamentals of MATLAB 3D Plotting**

MATLAB offers a powerful suite of functions to create and manipulate three-dimensional graphics. This section introduces the essentials of 3D plotting, including:

***Coordinate Systems:** MATLAB employs a right-handed coordinate system, with the x-axis pointing to the right, the y-axis pointing upwards, and the z-axis pointing out of the screen.
***Plotting Functions:** Functions like plot3(), scatter3(), and surf() are used to draw 3D data.
***Attribute Settings:** The set() function can be used to modify the properties of a graphic, such as color, line width, and marker type.
***View Control:** The view() function allows users to control the viewpoint, including azimuth, elevation, and zoom.

# 2. Adjusting 3D Plots

After creating a 3D plot, adjustments are often needed to the perspective, lighting, and material properties to achieve a more visually appealing result. This chapter will introduce how to tweak these attributes to enhance the quality of 3D presentations.

### 2.1 Adjusting Perspective and Projection

#### 2.1.1 Rotation and Translation of Perspective

MATLAB offers several methods to rotate and translate the perspective within a 3D plot.

***view(az,el)**: Sets the azimuth (az) and elevation (el) of the viewpoint.
***view(3)**: Resets the viewpoint to the default orthographic projection.
***rotate3d(h)**: Creates an interactive rotation tool that allows the user to rotate the plot using a mouse.
***camroll(h,angle)**: Rotates the viewpoint around the plot's z-axis.
***campan(h,angle)**: Rotates the viewpoint around the plot's y-axis.
***camzoom(h,factor)**: Scales the viewpoint of the plot.

% Create a 3D surface plot
[X, Y] = meshgrid(-2:0.1:2);
Z = X.^2 + Y.^2;
figure;
surf(X, Y, Z);

% Rotate the perspective
view(30, 45);

% Use interactive rotation tool
rotate3d;

#### 2.1.2 Selecting Projection Types

MATLAB supports two projection types: orthographic and perspective projection.

***Orthographic Projection:** Projects the plot parallel to the z-axis, resulting in an image without perspective effect.
***Perspective Projection:** Simulates real-world perspective, making distant objects appear smaller than near ones.

% Create a 3D surface plot
[X, Y] = meshgrid(-2:0.1:2);
Z = X.^2 + Y.^2;
figure;

% Set orthographic projection
projection('orthographic');
surf(X, Y, Z);

% Set perspective projection
projection('perspective');
surf(X, Y, Z);

### 2.2 Adjusting Lighting and Material Properties

#### 2.2.1 Lighting Models and Parameter Settings

MATLAB provides various lighting models to simulate real-world lighting effects.

***flat**: No lighting, uniform color across the object's surface.
***gouraud**: Smooth shading, interpolates between adjacent polygons.
***phong**: Specular highlighting, adds highlights along the surface normals.

% Create a